摘要

这一章介绍了一些概念，并提供了一个定量框架，在全书中得到了扩展。它解释了能效（ energy efficiency）是如何成为性能的新伙伴的，并包括能效、静态功率、动态功率、集成电路成本、可靠性和可用性的公式。

关键词

Availability; Cluster; Computer architecture; Computer organization; Embedded computer; Energy efficiency; Graphics processing unit (GPU); Integrated circuit; Moore's law; Parallelism; Performance analysis; Price-quantitative analysis; Real-time performance; Reliability; Scalability; Soft real-time; Supercomputer; Throughput; Vector architecture; Warehouse-scale computers (WSCs)