# 摘要

本附录是对内存层次结构的快速复习，包括缓存和虚拟内存的基础知识、性能方程和简单优化。

### 关键词

Address trace; Average memory access time; Block; Block address; Block offset; Cache; Cache hit; Cache miss; Data cache; Direct mapped; Dirty bit; Fully associative; Hit time; Index field; Instruction cache; Least-recently used; Locality; Memory stall cycles; Miss penalty; Miss rate; Misses per instruction; No-write allocate; *n*-Way set associative; Page; Page fault; Random replacement; Set; Tag field; Unified cache; Valid bit; Virtual memory; Write allocate; Write back; Write buffer; Write stall; Write through
